GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions of the place that you want to reach for a particular purpose at any place of the world.
GPS system provide sight to four or more satellites and critical capabilities to military, civil, and commercial users around the world.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit  made up of space segment are orbiting the earth about 12,000 miles above us and are traveling at speeds of roughly 7,000 miles an hour

Global positioning system are wide used in scientific research and engineering activities also for military  in such it allocate the particular area with latitude and longitude with the help of satellite you can reach for purpose of doing that activities you want even the place you wont reach   
This technology enable many activities done where by satellites carry very stable atomic clocks that are synchronized to each other and to ground clocks and continuously transmit their current time and position.
A GPS receiver monitors multiple satellites and solves equations to determine the exact position of the receiver and its deviation from true time

THE STRUCTURE OF GPS

 Global positioning system consists of three major segments which include

·         Space segment (SS)

·         Control segment (CS)

·         User segment (US). GPS 

 GPS receiver uses these signals to calculate its three-dimensional location (latitude, longitude, and altitude) and the current time.

SPACE SEGMENT

Space segment is composed of 24 to 32 satellites in medium Earth orbit and also includes the payload adapters to the boosters required to launch them into orbit.
Space segment is necessary to determine the particular space between one orbit to the other in such its possible for the user to understand where they are supposed to reach and it modified to six orbital planes with four satellites each.

Space segment composed of six planes that are approximately 55⁰ ties relative to the earths equator and being separated by 60⁰ at right ascension of the ascending node.
The angular difference between satellites in each orbit is 30,105, 120 and 105 degrees apart that sum to 360 degrees

CONTROL SEGMENT

The control segment is composed of a master control station, an alternate master control station, and a host of dedicated and shared ground antennas and monitor stations.
The control station monitored all activities done in this segment and yields the desirable result with the help of alternate master control station when failure a host dedicated are required to determine the required position is reached accordingly the shared ground antennae searching that particular signals to reach expected area the monitor station display the target area how far can be reached

USER SEGMENT

User segment is composed of hundreds of thousands of U.S. and allied military users of the secure GPS Precise Positioning Service, and tens of millions of civil, commercial, and scientific users of the Standard Positioning Service display for providing location and speed information to the user
These GPS can determine the area which is not safe and provide an alarm at the station that can be checked and assure there is no attack will arise and disturb the peace, also for the civil activities its necessary to use for social activities to reach area of need solution easily.
The MCS can access U.S. Air Force Satellite Control Network (AFSCN) ground antennas for additional command and control capability and NGA (National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency monitor stations

MECHANISM THAT GPS WORKS

GPS has a tendency of receive the signal of information of satellites circle the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit and transmit signal information to earth. This information is calculated with the use of triangulation for user's exact location.

When GPS receiver a signal it compares the time transmitted by a satellite with the time it was received. The time difference tells the GPS receiver how far away the satellite with distance measurements from a few more satellites; the receiver can determine the user's position and display it on the unit's electronic map. 

A GPS receiver must be locked on to the signal of at least three satellites to calculate a 2D position (latitude and longitude) and track movement. With four or more satellites in view, the receiver can determine the user's 3D position (latitude, longitude and altitude).

When the user's position has been determined, the GPS unit can calculate other information, such as speed, bearing, track, trip distance, distance to destination, sunrise and sunset time and more

Throw back of GPS

GPS satellites are powered by solar energy. They have backup batteries onboard to keep them running in the event of a solar eclipse, when there's no solar power. Small rocket boosters on each satellite keep them flying in the correct path.

Historical background

• The first GPS satellite was launched in 1978.
• A full constellation of 24 satellites was achieved in 1994.
• Each satellite is built to last about 10 years. Replacements are constantly being built and launched into orbit.
• A GPS satellite weighs approximately 2,000 pounds and is about 17 feet across with the solar panels extended.
• Transmitter power is only 50 watts or less.

Advantage of using GPS

GPS provide the location of the particular area with longitudes and latitudes

GPS helps to reach the area that you don’t reach earlier  

GPS helps military to be protected with the strangers

GPS facilitate the scientific research social and commercial activities

GPS helps to determine the particular area that has presence of minerals and goes to invest there

GPS gives the particular area for driver to reach exactly place