GIS-GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM

A geographic information system is a computer system for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying data related to positions on Earth’s surface.
GIS have a capability of showing many different kinds of data on one map and enable people to analyze and understand patterns and relationships.
GIS systems are often used to produce three-dimensional images.GIS technologies allow geographers conduct research and provide the best way of solving obstacles face the people with his environment.

You can compare the location of different sites and relate with each other on the problem face and give scientific way of tackle in the prolonged time. By using of this information you can determine the locations with latitudes and longitudes address.
The system include the data like populations, educations, poverty, quantity of food present, medical treatment different kinds of soil

Data and GIS


Data is the collections of the related information’s in GIS are the information obtained in the map of particular area such as population, death rate location of rivers and roads, hills and valleys.
The data are captured in digital form such as an image taken by satellite, GIS combines the information from different sources in such a way that it all has the same scale.

A scale is the relationship between the distance on a map and the actual distance on Earth and manipulates the data because different maps have different projections.

A projection is the method of transferring information from Earth’s curved surface to a flat piece of paper or computer and combines them so all the information can be displayed using one common projection.

GIS Maps

Maps can be produced that relate such information as average income, book sales, and voting patterns. Any GIS data layer can be added or subtracted to the same map used to show information about number and density.

 By use satellite data researchers can look at change over time to study topics such as how much of the Polar Regions is covered in ice. A police department can study changes in crime data to help determine where to assign officers.

GIS technology sometimes allows users to access this information and store to the particular database

GIS is a special-purpose digital database in which a common spatial coordinate system is the primary means of reference. Comprehensive GIS require a means of:

1. Data input, from maps, aerial photos, satellites, surveys, and other sources
2. Data storage, retrieval, and query
3. Data transformation, analysis, and modeling, including spatial statistics
4. Data reporting, such as maps, reports, and plans

GIS technology makes updating maps much easier into the database concerned such as update data can simply be added to the existing GIS program and delete some of the unnecessary information that are not concerned with particular area.

A new map can then be printed or displayed on screen. This skips the traditional process of drawing a map, which can be time-consuming and expensive.

 GIS technology also used in businesses aspect to help them determine where to locate a new store. Biologists use GIS to track animal migration patterns. City officials use GIS to help plan their response in the case of a natural disaster such as an earthquake or hurricane.