Sunday, 12 April 2015

SOLAR BICYCLE



SOLAR BICYCLE
Solar bicycle is the innovated technology that used solar panel as the power to allow it to travel in a different distance in such is designed for accumulates the sun with panel as the source of energy.
The capacitance of the panel depends on the design and area cover to travel and lead to facilitate transport in the area where transportation is difficult and it mounted with power wind generation such as 100w of wing can occupy 5w solar panel


 
Other design can be at 12v 500Ma (5w) solar panel with a 1 amp inline fuse connected was all that was needed to charge my bikes battery such as the machine will be operated maximum when it reach this quantity.
A silicone blocking diode connected to the positive terminal of the solar panel is necessary to stop reverse current from the battery.
Solar panel it consists of a rechargeable battery pack, which powers a lightweight motor unit over the front wheel. A battery through a controller box to limit the current to 1.5 amps and that takes 4.5 hours to fully charge from flat

The panels will generate approximately 30 percent less energy than those placed on roofs
The solar panel is a photovoltaic converter which works only in bright sunlight.
There are pivots to bring a pulley-mounted belt into contact with the tyre press a switch, and the belt drives the wheel.

Belt system is used when there is no longer need power assistance a flick of the handlebar switch takes the belt out of contact with the tyre.
The surface of the road has been treated with a special non-adhesive coating, and the road itself was built to sit at a slight tilt in an effort to keep dust and dirt from accumulating and obscuring the solar cells.

Solar panels on the wheel send power to a battery through induction, the same process used to charge an electric toothbrush the battery can fully charge in four to six hours. In bad weather, it might take twice as long.
Riding a bike creates 21 grams of carbon emissions per kilometer, while an ordinary electric bike creates only about 22 grams. This version would trim that down to almost nothing—coming close to the goal of a truly zero-emissions vehicle.
Riders can pedal without electric assistance using any combination (within reason) of the two inner chainrings and the rear cassette cogs, or they can activate the motor to turn the outer chainring, providing a boost to their pedaling.

The braking system stops motor as well as cycle simultaneously brake stops the cycle with conventional friction brake
The design involves the calculation of power required to run a bicycle at a known speed (say 10 km/h) and to develop a solar powered system to produce the required power

The speed controller mounted in the handle cuts off the power supply to the motor and stops it cycle was placed in sun light and was found that it requires 7.2 hours for fully charging the battery.
A cycle can run at an average speed of 15 kilometer per hour (without pedaling)with a maximum of 25 kilometer per hour with pedaling.




Friday, 10 April 2015

FREQUENCY MODULATION



FREQUENCY MODULATION
Frequency modulation is the transfer of information signals with the varies frequency carrier wave
Frequency modulation is a form of analog angle modulation in which the baseband information carrying signal, typically called the message or information signal m(t), varies the frequency of a carrier wave.
FM is considered an analog form of modulation because the baseband signal is typically an analog waveform without discrete, digital values

Frequency modulation is a method of impressing data onto an alternating-current (AC) wave by varying the instantaneous frequency of the wave. This scheme can be used with analog or digital data.
Frequency modulation uses the information signal, Vm(t) to vary the carrier frequency within some small range about its original value. Here are the three signals in mathematical form:
  • Information: Vm(t)
  • Carrier: Vc(t) = Vco sin ( 2 p fc t + f )
  • FM: VFM (t) = Vco sin (2 p [fc + (Df/Vmo) Vm (t) ] t + f) 
  •  
Frequency Modulation (FM) is a form of modulation in which changes in the carrier wave frequency correspond directly to changes in the baseband signal
A spectrum represents the relative amounts of different frequency components in any signal.
The efficiency of a signal is the power in the side-bands as a fraction of the total. In FM signals, because of the considerable side-bands produced, the efficiency is generally high.